The ANZACs-Recruitment

Context

 In December 1915, this drawing appeared in The New Zealand Observer, a popular illustrated weekly newspaper. Its purpose was to encourage Māori to enlist in the army. When recruitment started in earnest in 1914, many Māori men signed up. Some Māori leaders believed that Māori participation in the war would strengthen Māori claims for equal status with Pākehā. Others were opposed to going to war and to fighting for the British Empire. This was because of the harm that the British Crown had done to Māori communities by activities such as confiscating Māori land and other violations of the Treaty of Waitangi during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The Māori Contingent had a reputation for fighting strongly and were famous for their haka, but many of these soldiers died on the battlefields. By the end of the war, 2227 Māori and 458 Pacific Islanders had served in what became known as the Māori Pioneer Battalion. Of these, 336 died on active service and 734 were wounded. Other Māori enlisted (and died) in other battalions as well.

from NZHistory.net.nz

Key questions

• What can we observe? 
• What do we already know? 
• How might people view this poster in different ways? 

Possible discussion questions

• What can you see in this image? 
• How are the different figures in the image portrayed? 
• Who is the target audience? How do you know? 
• What is the purpose of the image? 
• How effective is it?
• Why were recruiters at the time specifically targeting Māori?
• Why did Māori have conflicting views about joining the war? 

Reading

King and Country by André Ngāpō.

Gallipoli War Diary-Rikihana Carkeek

Learning areas 

Social sciences (level 4): Understand how people participate individually and collectively in response to community challenges. 

English (level 4): Listening, reading, and viewing Language features: • Show a developing understanding of how language features are used for effect within and across texts. (Indicator: knows that authors have different voices and styles and can identify some of these differences.)

Rikihana Carkeek was a prominent Ngāti Raukawa leader who was in the Māori Contingent and the New Zealand Pioneer Battalion. He fought in many battles during the First World War and kept a diary throughout. Rikihana returned home an officer and died, much later, at age 72. His memoirs were published after his death.

 Key questions

• What can we observe?

• What do we already know? 

• How might people view these diary entries in different ways? 

Possible discussion questions 

• What impressions do you have of Rikihana after reading his diary excerpts? 

• How do the events Rikihana describes in these excerpts fit in with other First World War events you know about? 

• How do you think Rikihana Carkeek felt during the different events he describes? 

• Have you read any other diaries? 

• Why might it have been challenging to write/keep a diary during the war? 

• What differences might there be between the way a soldier or a nurse described their experiences in their diaries compared with their descriptions in a letter home? 

• Why do people keep diaries? 

• If someone 100 years from now were to read a diary you had written, what might be of interest to them?

A short 4 minute video about Rikihana Carkeek

Chunuk Bair Poem